NURSING BY PC SAINI

Gowning and gloving technique Presented By  pc saini 1. INTRODUCTION 2.  The gowning and gloving is an important procedure required to reduce the risk of contamination by microorganisms during operative procedures.   The process of scrubbing, gowning, and gloving is one that all members of the surgical team must complete before each operation.   In the surgical scrub, the hands and forearms are decontaminated. A sterile surgical gown and pair of gloves are subsequently donned, creating an aseptic environment. 3.  The gowning and gloving are important component of Aseptic technique.   These procedure avoid to the introduction of pathogens or disease causing micro organism.   Maintaining asepsis in product preparation in critical for the specialized patient. 4. DEFINITION 5. DEFINITION OF GOWNING Gowning is the process of wearing special garment’s in order to control particulate contamination. 6. DEFINITION OF GLOVING sterile or clean fitted coverings for the han ds, usually with a

Conversion Factors 1 kg = 2.2 lb 1 gallon = 4 quart 1 tsp = 5 mL 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 L = 1,000 mL 1 kg = 1,000 g 1 oz = 30 mL = 2 tbsp 1 g = 1,000 mg 1 mg = 1,000 mcg 1 cm = 10 mm 1 tbsp = 15 mL 1 cup = 8 fl oz 1 pint = 2 cups 12 inches = 1 foot 1 L = 1.057 qt 1 lb = 16 oz 1 tbsp = 3 tsp 60 minute = 1 hour 1 cc = 1 mL 2 pints = 1 qt 8 oz = 240 mL = 1 glass 1 tsp = 60 gtt 1 pt = 500 mL = 16 oz 1 oz = 30 mL 4 oz = 120 mL (Casey, 2018)

 BLEEDING  Blood circulates in blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). When a blood vessel is damaged, several mechanisms are activated to control blood loss: the vessel constricts, and a series of chemical reactions occur to form a blood clot as a “plug” over the damaged area. If blood vessels are torn or severed, uncontrolled blood loss may occur before clotting can take place, and shock may develop. C.3.1  TYPES OF BLEEDING  A bleeding can be classified by the type of the blood vessel that has been damaged:
 Arterial bleeding.  Arteries carry bright red oxygen rich blood under pressure from the heart. If an artery is damaged, the bleeding may be profuse. The blood will spurt out of it in time with the heartbeat. If a main artery is severed, the blood may jet several feet high. In this case, the volume of the circulating blood will fall rapidly.
  Venous bleeding.  The blood in the veins, having given up its oxygen into the tissues, is dark red. The blood flows under les

  FIRST AID -  First aid is the first assistance or treatment given to a casualty or a sick person for any injury or sudden illness before the arrival of an ambulance, the arrival of a qualified paramedical or medical person or before arriving at a facility that can provide professional medical care. As a consequence of disaster or civil strife people suffer injuries which requires urgent care and transportation to the nearest healthcare facility. प्राथमिक चिकित्सा किसी घायल या बीमार व्यक्ति को किसी चोट या अचानक बीमारी के लिए एम्बुलेंस के आने से पहले, योग्य पैरामेडिकल या चिकित्सा व्यक्ति के आने से पहले या ऐसी सुविधा पर पहुंचने से पहले दी जाने वाली प्राथमिक सहायता या उपचार है जो पेशेवर चिकित्सा देखभाल प्रदान कर सकती है। . आपदा या नागरिक संघर्ष के परिणामस्वरूप लोगों को चोट लगती है जिसके लिए तत्काल देखभाल और निकटतम स्वास्थ्य सुविधा के लिए परिवहन की आवश्यकता होती है। AIMS OF FIRST AID -  The aims of first aid are:
to preserve life,  to prevent the worsening of one’s medical condition, 

  Rubella (German Measles, Three-Day Measles) What rubella means? rubella. / (ruːˈbɛlə) / noun. a mild contagious viral disease, somewhat similar to measles, characterized by cough, sore throat, skin rash, and occasionally vomiting. It can cause congenital defects if caught during the first three months of pregnancyAlso called:  German measles Stanley Plotkin  invented the rubella vaccine at the Wistar Institute, which is credited with eradicating the disease in the United States in 1964. IP 14 - 21 DAYS MOT -  Rubella is spread by  direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected  individuals. Rubella can also be transmitted by breathing in droplets that are sprayed into the air when an infected person sneezes, coughs or talks. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS -  a low-grade fever. headache. mild pink eye (redness or swelling of the white of the eye) general discomfort. swollen and enlarged lymph nodes. cough. runny nose. DIAGNOSIS HC  PHYSICAL EXAMIANATION BLOOD EXAMINATION treatment -  N

definition   Measles is a childhood infection caused by a virus. Once quite common, measles can now almost always be prevented with a vaccine. Also called rubeola, measles can be serious and even fatal for small children The first systematic description of measles, and its distinction from smallpox and chickenpox, is credited to  the Persian physician Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi  (860–932), who published The Book of Smallpox and Measles mode of transmission - The virus is transmitted by  direct contact with infectious droplets or by airborne spread  when an infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezes. Measles virus can remain infectious in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves an area. IP 10 - 14 DAYS Measles signs and symptoms  appear around 10 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. Signs and symptoms of measles typically include: Fever Dry cough Runny nose Sore throat Inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis) Tiny white spots with bluish-white centers on a red backgro

 DEFINITION: Series of events that take place in the genital organs in an effort to expel the viable products of conception (fetus, placenta and the membranes) out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called Labor. -It may occur prior to 37 completed weeks, when it is called the preterm labor. -Labor is characterized by the presence of regular uterine contractions with effacement and dilatation of the cervix and fetal descent. -Delivery is the expulsion or extraction of a viable fetus out of the womb. It is not synonymous with labor; delivery can take place without labor as in elective cesarean section. Delivery may be vaginal, either spontaneous or aided, or it may be abdominal. NORMAL LABOR (EUTOCIA): Labor is called normal if it fulfills the following criteria.  (1) Spontaneous in onset and at term.  (2) With vertex presentation.  3) Without undue prolongation.  (4) Natural termination with minimal aids. (5) Without having any complications affecting the health o

    TYPES OF PELVIS GYNAECOID ANTHROPOID ANDROID PLATYPELLOID   1.Gynaecoid pelvis: (50%)   It is commonly known as the female pelvis because that type occurs most frequently in women.   Most suitable for childbirth.   Wider brim.   Ischial spines are blunt   Sub pubic angle is 90º   2.Anthropoid pelvis: (25%)   It favors a posterior position of the fetus.  Oval in shape   Transverse diameter is shorter   Seen in tall women with narrow shoulders   3.Android pelvis: (20%)   It is commonly known as male pelvis because it occurs more frequently in men .  Heart shaped brim   Anterior posterior diameter is shorter   Transverse diameter is wider  Childbirth is difficult  4.Platypelloid (flat) pelvis: (5%)   This type of pelvis is rare.   Kidney shaped brim   Anterior posterior diameter is smaller   Transverse diameter is wider   Not conductive to vaginal delivery

  fetal skull ( भ्रूण की खोपड़ी )  : -  fetal skull is to some extent compressible and made mainly of thin pliable tabular (flat) bones forming the vault. This is anchored to the rigid and incompressible bones at the base of the skull. ( भ्रूण की खोपड़ी कुछ हद तक संकुचित होती है और मुख्य रूप से पतली लचीली टेबुलर (सपाट) हड्डियों से बनी होती है जो vault ( गुंबद ,arch )  बनाती है। यह खोपड़ी के आधार पर कठोर और असम्पीडित हड्डियों के लिए लंगर डाले हुए है।) AREAS OF SKULL: The skull is arbitrarily divided into several zones of obstetrical importance  These are:  Vertex : It is a quadrangular area bounded anteriorly by the bregma and coronal sutures behind. (वर्टेक्स: यह एक चतुष्कोणीय क्षेत्र है जो पीछे ब्रेग्मा और कोरोनल suture से घिरा होता है. लैम्ब्डा और लैम्बडॉइड suture  द्वारा और बाद में पार्श्विका श्रेष्ठता से गुजरने वाली रेखाओं द्वारा।  )  Brow : It is an area bounded on one side by the anterior fontanel and coronal sutures and on  the other side by the root of the nose an

female pelvis :-  pelvis is composed of four bones—two innominate bones, sacrum and coccyx.  These are united together by four joints— two sacroiliac joints,  sacrococcygeal joint  symphysis pubis. The pelvis is anatomically divided into a false pelvis and a true pelvis, the boundary line being the brim of the pelvis. The bony landmarks on the brim of the pelvis from anterior to posterior on each side are— upper border of symphysis pubis, pubic crest , pubic tubercle , pectineal line, iliopubic eminence , iliopectineal line, sacroiliac articulation,  anterior border of the ala of sacrum   sacral promontory                     FALSE PELVIS The false pelvis is formed by the iliac portions of the innominate bones and is limited above by the iliac crests. It has got Mlittle obstetric significance except that its measurements can to a certain extent, predict the size and configuration of the true pelvis. Its only obstetric function is to support the enlarged uterus during pregnancy. Its bo

  The reproductive organs in female are those which are concerned with copulation, fertilization, growth and development of the fetus and its subsequent exit to the outer world. The organs are broadly divided into:  External genitalia   Internal genitalia   Accessory reproductive organs  External genitalia - The vulva or pudendum includes all the visible external genital organs in the perineum. Vulva consists  of the following:- - the mons pubis, - labia majora, - labia minora,  -hymen - clitoris,  -vestibule,  -urethra and -Skene’s glands  -Bartholin’s glands   -vestibular bulbs .  It is therefore bounded anteriorly by  mons pubis, posteriorly by the rectum, laterally by the genitocrural fold. The vulvar area is covered by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. MONS VENERIS (MONS PUBIS) :-  - It is the pad of subcutaneous adipose connective tissue lying in front of the pubis and in the adult female is covered by hair.  -The hair pattern (escutcheon) of most women is triangu