NURSING BY PC SAINI

                                   - ASTHMA • Asthma is a long-term problem in the tubes that carry air into your lungs that can make it hard for you to breathe. These airways get so narrow that air can't move freely. It can cause serious wheezing and breathlessness, known as asthma attacks. There's no cure, but most people can control their symptoms. Couse /etiology /कारण •Airborne substances, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander                                  or particles of cockroach waste Respiratory infections, such as the common cold Physical activity (exercise-induced asthma) Cold air Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen (Aleve) Strong emotions and stress Sulfites and preservatives added to some types of foods and beverages, including shrimp, dried fruit, processed potatoes, beer and wine Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in w

  https://youtu.be/eYE0YWUkWkQ youtube chanel Introduction   • Bedsores — also called pressure ulcers and decubitus ulcers — are injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin. Bedsores most often develop on skin that covers bony areas of the body, such as the heels, ankles, hips and tailbone. • Causes Bedsores are caused by pressure against the skin that limits blood flow to the skin. Limited movement can make skin vulnerable to damage and lead to development of bedsores. Three primary contributing factors for bedsores are: Pressure. Constant pressure on any part of your body can lessen the blood flow to tissues. Blood flow is essential for delivering oxygen and other nutrients to tissues. Without these essential nutrients, skin and nearby tissues are damaged and might eventually die. Friction. Friction occurs when the skin rubs against clothing or bedding. It can make fragile skin more vulnerable to injury, especially if the skin is also moist.

. . . . . . . . . . .Headache Headache, or cephalgia, is ho  one of the most common of all human physical complaints. Headache is actually a symptom rather than a disease entity; it may indicate organic disease (neurologic or other disease), a stress response, vasodilation (migraine), skeletal muscle tension (tension headache), or a combination of factors . A  primary headache is one for which no organic cause can be identified. These types of headache include migraine, tension-type, and cluster headaches Cranial arteritis is another common cause of headache.  A classification of headaches was issued by the Headache Classification Migraine is a symptom complex characterized by periodic and recurrent attacks of severe headache.  The cause of migraine has not been clearly demonstrated, but it is primarily a vascular disturbance that occurs more commonly in women and has a strong familial tendency. The typical time of onset is puberty, and the incidence is highest in adults 2

urinary incontinence  Definition of urinary incontinence   Urinary incontinence — the loss of bladder control — is a common and often embarrassing problem. The severity ranges from occasionally leaking urine when you cough or sneeze to having an urge to urinate that's so sudden and strong you don't get to a toilet in time .Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence  Pregnancy: vaginal delivery, episiotomy Menopause Genitourinary surgery Pelvic muscle weakness Incompetent urethra due to trauma or sphincter relaxation Immobility High-impact exercise Diabetes mellitus Stroke Age-related changes in the urinary tract Morbid obesity Cognitive disturbances: dementia, Parkinson’s disease Medications: diuretics, sedatives, hypnotics, opioids Caregiver or toilet unavailable Sign & Symptoms Many people experience occasional, minor leaks of urine. Others may lose small to moderate amount jy s of urine more frequently. Types of urinary incontinence inc