NURSING BY PC SAINI

  Polio (also known as poliomyelitis) is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus that attacks the nervous system. Children younger than 5 years old are more likely to contract the virus than any other group. ,  Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper  identified a virus JAN 2011 - Last case seen polio 27 march 2014 - free from polio 20 september 2015 - polio virus second erdicate. Types of poliomyelitis Abortive poliomyelitis:  The mildest form. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis : Symptoms are more severe than abortive, but not as bad as paralytic. Paralytic poliomyelitis: The most severe; may result in permanent paralysis of certain muscle groups, including breathing muscles and leg muscles.  causes poliomyelitis? The poliovirus spreads most often from fecal-oral contact. Usually, this occurs from poor hand washing or from consuming of contaminated food or water. Sneezing or  coughing  also spreads the virus. Your child is most contagious immediately before ...

  Dengue (DENG-gey) fever is a mosquito-borne illness that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever and flu-like symptoms. The severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause serious bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death. Discovery of the Dengue Viruses In 1943,  Ren Kimura and Susumu Hotta  first isolated the dengue virus. These two scientists were studying blood samples of patients taken during the 1943 dengue epidemic in Nagasaki, Japan. family - Arbo-virus 1,2,3,4 most dangerious form of dengue type second. vector - Aedes agypti in world most common species. day time freely early morning and late afternoon. INCUBATION PEROID :- 5 - 6 DAYS MODE OF TRANSMISSION -    Dengue viruses are spread to people  through the bites of infected Aedes species mosquitoes (Ae.   aegypti or Ae.   albopictus) . These are the same types of mosquitoes that spread ...

Malaria  Alphonse Laveran , a military doctor in France's Service de Santé des Armées (Health Service of the Armed Forces). The military hospital in Constantine (Algeria), where Laveran discovered the malaria parasite in 1880 Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. The parasite is spread to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. People who have malaria usually feel very sick with a high fever and shaking chills. due to cousetive agent female anafilles. 1953 - national malaria  control programme 1958 -  national malaria eridication programme. 2003 - 2004  - national vector born disease programme  1999 - anti  malarial control programme.  MODE OF TRANSMISSION - . vector born disease congenital malaria blood transfussion  INCUBATON PERIOD : -  Plasmodium falciparum (or P. falciparum)  -12 days Plasmodium malariae (or P. malariae) - 28 days Plasmodium vivax (or P. vivax) - 14 days Plasmodium ovale (or P. ovale)  -17 days Pl...

  In 1804,  Georg Gottfried Zinke  first transmitted rabies 1  from a rabid dog to a normal one, and from dog to a rabbit and a hen, by injection of saliva. This proved that the disease was infectious. By 1826, Franz Christian Karl Krugelstein (1779–1864) wrote a full account of rabies, with a bibliography of 300 items.   Rabies is a deadly virus spread to people from the saliva of infected animals. The rabies virus is usually transmitted through a bite. Animals most likely to transmit rabies in the United States include bats, coyotes, foxes, raccoons and skunks. In developing countries of Africa and Southeast Asia, stray dogs are the most likely to spread rabies to people. Once a person begins showing signs and symptoms of rabies, the disease nearly always causes death. For this reason, anyone who may have a risk of contracting rabies should receive rabies vaccinations for protection. INCUBATION PEROID :- 2 - 3  WEEKS  signs and symptoms may include:-...

  Mump :- .   Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects saliva-producing (salivary) glands that are located near your ears. Mumps can cause swelling in one or both of these glands Mumps was common in the United States until mumps vaccination became routine. Since then, the number of cases has dropped dramatically. However, mumps outbreaks still occur in the United States, and the number of cases has crept up in recent years. These outbreaks generally affect people who aren't vaccinated, and occur in close-contact settings such as schools or college campuses. Complications of mumps, such as hearing loss, are potentially serious but rare. There's no specific treatment for mumps. In 1934, the etiology of the disease, the mumps virus, was discovered by  Claude D.   Johnson and Ernest William Goodpasture . They found that rhesus macaques exposed to saliva taken from humans in the early stages of the disease developed mumps. Causes Mumps is caused by a virus that s...

TUBERCULOSIS DEFINITION :- 24 march world TB day . Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes. Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes. History of World TB Day. On March 24, 1882,  Dr.   Robert Koch  announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). During this time, TB killed one out of every seven people living in the United States and Europe. INCUBATION PEROID :- 2-6 WEEKS COUSES OF TB :-  A friend, co-worker, or family member has active TB. You live in or have traveled to an area where TB is common, like Russia, Africa, Eastern Euro...

  Tetanus  is an infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani. When the bacteria invade the body, they produce a poison (toxin) that causes painful muscle contractions. Another name for  tetanus  is “lockjaw”. It often causes a person's neck and jaw muscles to lock, making it hard to open the mouth or swallow. During the same year, tetanus was produced in animals by injecting them with samples of soil. In 1889,  Kitasato Shibasaburo MODE OF TRANSMISSION : - Wounds contaminated with dirt, poop (feces), or spit (saliva) Wounds  caused  by an object puncturing the skin (puncture wounds), like a nail or needle. Burns. Crush injuries. Injuries with dead tissue. INCUBATION PEROID : - 6 - 10 DAY S   SIGN AND SYMPTOMS :-  Jaw cramping. Sudden, involuntary muscle tightening (muscle spasms) – often in the stomach. Painful muscle stiffness all over the body. Trouble swallowing. Jerking or staring (seizures) Headache. Fever and sweating. Change...