Mumps

 Mump :-

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  Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects saliva-producing (salivary) glands that are located near your ears. Mumps can cause swelling in one or both of these glands

Mumps was common in the United States until mumps vaccination became routine. Since then, the number of cases has dropped dramatically.

However, mumps outbreaks still occur in the United States, and the number of cases has crept up in recent years. These outbreaks generally affect people who aren't vaccinated, and occur in close-contact settings such as schools or college campuses.

Complications of mumps, such as hearing loss, are potentially serious but rare. There's no specific treatment for mumps.

In 1934, the etiology of the disease, the mumps virus, was discovered by Claude D. Johnson and Ernest William Goodpasture. They found that rhesus macaques exposed to saliva taken from humans in the early stages of the disease developed mumps.

Causes

Mumps is caused by a virus that spreads easily from person to person through infected saliva. If you're not immune, you can contract mumps by breathing in saliva droplets from an infected person who has just sneezed or coughed. You can also contract mumps from sharing utensils or cups with someone who has mumps.

INCUBATION PEROID :- 14 -21 DAYS

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS :-

• Pain in the swollen salivary glands on one or both sides of your face
• Pain while chewing or swallowing
• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Weakness and fatigue
• Loss of appetite

DIAGNOSIS : -

history collection

physical examination

saliva examination

blood test

swaps test

CSF examination

treatment

There is no treatment for mumps; the disease must be allowed to run its course. Treatment focuses on treating symptoms to make the person as comfortable as possible. These treatment steps should be the following:

• Drink plenty of fluids.
• If the glands are swollen and causing discomfort, ice or heat packs can help ease the pain.
• Non-aspirin medications such acetaminophen and ibuprofen can be used to bring a fever under control and help with pain from swollen glands.

nursing care

MMR vaccination

Conservative, supportive medical care is indicated for patients with mumps. No antiviral agent is indicated for treatment of this viral illness, as mumps is a self-limited disease. No specific therapy for mumps exists.

Analgesics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) may be used for headaches or discomfort due to parotitis.

Topical application of warm or cold packs to the swollen parotid area may be used to soothe the painful area.

A light diet with plenty fluid intake is encouraged.

Acidic foods (such as tomato, vinegar-containing food additives) and liquids (such as orange juice) should be avoided to lessen oral pain and discomfort.

Stronger analgesics may be required for patients with orchitis with bed rest, scrotal support, and ice packs. Mumps without associated major complications can be managed on an outpatient basis.

It is advised to follow good hand washing practices.

Patients diagnosed with mumps should be isolated for 5 days from the onset of symptoms to minimize the risk of infecting others by staying home from work or school and staying in a separate room if possible.

Complications:

Mumps can occasionally cause complications, especially in adults. Complications include:

Meningitis: Aseptic meningitis occurs in 10% of patients with mumps.

Encephalitis: Encephalitis occurs rarely (0.02–0.3% of cases) as a complication of mumps. Although the case–fatality rate of mumps encephalitis is low, permanent sequelae, including paralysis, seizures, cranial nerve palsies, aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus, may occur.

Orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles occurs in 20% of postpubertal males who develops mumps.

Oophoritis: Females who have reached puberty may have inflammation in the ovaries (oophoritis) or breasts (mastitis).

Hearing loss: Cranial nerve involvement (especially eighth cranial nerve damage) is one of the leading causes of deafness in childhood, affecting approximately 5/100000 mumps patients.

Pancreatitis is reported as a complication in approximately 4% of cases.

Occurrence of mumps during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy is associated with 25% incidence of spontaneous abortions.

Death following mumps is rare and is mostly due to encephalitis.