tuberculosis

TUBERCULOSIS DEFINITION :- 24 march world TB day

.Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.

History of World TB Day. On March 24, 1882, Dr. Robert Koch announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). During this time, TB killed one out of every seven people living in the United States and Europe.

INCUBATION PEROID :- 2-6 WEEKS

COUSES OF TB :- 

• A friend, co-worker, or family member has active TB.
• You live in or have traveled to an area where TB is common, like Russia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean.
• You’re part of a group in which TB is more likely to spread, or you work or live with someone who is. This includes homeless people, people who have HIV, people in jail or prison, and people who inject drugs into their veins.
• You work or live in a hospital or nursing home.
• You’re a health care worker for patients at high risk of TB.
• You’re a smoker.

Signs and symptoms of active TB include:

• Low grade fever.
• weight loss.
• Coughing for three or more weeks
• Coughing up blood or mucus
• Chest pain, or pain with breathing or coughing
• Unintentional weight loss
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Night sweats
• Chills
• Loss of appetite.

DIAGNOSIS :-

history collection

physical examination

montex test  > 10 mm positive ,6 - 9 mm doutfull , < 6 mm negative.

chest x - ray

sputum culture test

blood examination

treatment :-

antibiotic

multivitamin

DOT'S (DIRECT OBSERVED SHORT COURSE THERAPHY ).

isoniazid - bactericidal 600 mg  side effect peripheral neuritis to give vitamin B6

pyrejenemide -   bactericidal - 1500 mg  bactriciadal - hepatotoxicity.

ethambutol - 1200 mg bacteriostatic . optic nuritis

rifampicin - bactericidal -450 mg  urine color orange.

streptomycin - 0.75  mg ototoxic effect. 

CP - continous phase -drug decrease and time increase 

IP - intensive phase drug increase and time decrease

NURSING RESPONSBILITIES. :-

• Remain in your home and avoid contact with others
• Take your TB medicines as directed, eat healthy foods, and get plenty of rest
• Wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth if you must go to medical appointments and when health care providers come to your home
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough, sneeze or laugh
• Air out rooms you are staying in by opening the window (if the weather allows)
• Tell any new health care providers (such as ambulance paramedics) that you have contagious active TB disease
• Do not have visitors, especially children and people with weak immune systems
• Do not use buses, trains, taxis or airplanes
• Do not go to public places like work, school, church, stores, shopping malls, restaurants or movie theatres
• Cancel or reschedule non-medical appointments (such as the dentist or hair dresser) until after your home isolation has ended
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