HIV/AIDS Also called: human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Defintion :-HIV/AIDS aslo k/a slim disease. 

AIDS is a viral born disease this fetal disease coused by HIV virus.HIV destroys CD4 T cells — white blood cells that play a large role in helping your body fight disease. The fewer CD4 T cells you have, the weaker your immune system becomes.

Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier identified the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS in 1983, while working at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. They originally called it lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV)

1959 :- The first case of HIV found in dead body in congo africa

1986:- First case of HIV in INDIA channai tamilnadu .

1987 :- AIDS in pusker rajasthan 

1992 :- NACO

2004 :- ART START

STAGES OF THE HIV / AIDS

• Stages of Infection – (assuming no treatment) ...
• Stage 1: Incubation peroid  :- It is time peroid b/w the entery og the disese agent to occurance frist symptoms in the body.
• Stage 2: prodroma phase :- in ths phase thew pt shows comman s/s in the body but clinical  diagnosis is not possible.
• Stage 3: fastigium phase :- diagnosis easy and peak stage
• Stage 4: defervesence phase the tx has been started but recovery is slow.
• stage 5 convalesence recovery is fast 
• stage 6 deinfection free from infection
• 
  

INCUBATION PEROID :- 8 - 10 YEARS

MODE OF TRANSMISSION :-

- unproteded sex with a HIV positive person.

- sharing needles.

- occupational exposure and reusing instrument.

- infected blood.

- during pregnancy.

- breast feeding.

-  others like semen,vaginal secration,CSF,amniotic fluid,peritonial fluid. et

sign and symptoms :-

Flu-like symptoms can include:

• Fever
• Chills
• Rash
• Night sweats
• Muscle aches
• Sore throat
• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Mouth ulcers
• Rapid weight loss
• Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
• Extreme and unexplained tiredness
• Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck
• Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
• Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
• Pneumonia
• Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
• Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.

DIAGNOSIS:-

history collection

physical examination

western blot test 

ELISA

PCR

P-24 antigen test

treatment:-.

• Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block an enzyme called reverse transcriptase.eg- zidovidine,lamivudine,starvudine.
• Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) bind to and later change reverse transcriptase.eg- nevirapine,efavirenz.hiv + pregnancy.
• Integrase inhibitors block an enzyme called integrase.
• Protease inhibitors (PIs) block an enzyme called protease. eg- lopinavir, ritonavir, indinavir.

NURSING RESPONSBILITY :-

• Practice safe sex. Use condoms correctly and use them every time you have sex. Don't risk spreading your illness to noninfected people.

• Ask any sexual partners to be tested for HIV.

• Never share needles or other equipment for drug use.

• If you get tattoos or have any parts of your body pierced, be sure that the needles are destroyed afterward.

• Don't donate blood, plasma, semen, or organs.

• If you are a woman, talk with your healthcare provider before getting pregnant.

• Talk with your healthcare provider about other very rare ways HIV may be spread.

• • Take care of your skin.

    • Wash your hands often. Use soap and water and rub your hands together. If soap and water is not available, use alcohol-based hand cleaner. Make sure you wash your hands before and after taking care of any cuts, scrapes, or wounds.

    • Use hypoallergenic sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or greater.

    • Avoid direct sun exposure on your skin.

    • Use an electric razor for shaving.

  • Ask your doctor before using cosmetics, contact lenses, tampons, or douches.

  • Avoid contact with farm, stray, or unknown animals.

    • If you do have contact with an animal, wash your hands afterward.

    • Avoid contact with pet urine or stool. Wear gloves if you might come in contact with pet urine or stool.

    • Don’t clean litter boxes, cages, or aquariums.

  • Keep your home clean.

    • Clean floors, carpets, furniture, and countertops regularly.

    • Be sure your bathroom is clean.

    • Wash your hands after handling trash.

    • If you have a pet, talk with your provider about safe pet ownership.

  • Don't eat undercooked, unpasteurized, or unwashed foods.

  • Don’t smoke or use tobacco products.

  • Don’t use portable humidifiers or vaporizers.

  • Avoid contact with anyone who has a cold, the flu, or other contagious condition. This includes measles, chickenpox, herpes, viruses, pinkeye, cough, or sore throat.👴👵😎⃟