Diphtheria

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Diphtheria is a serious infection caused by strains of bacteria called Corynebacterium diphtheriae that make toxin (poison). It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. CDC recommends vaccines for infants, children, teens, and adults to prevent diphtheria.

The diphtheria bacillus was discovered and identified by German bacteriologists Edwin Klebs and Friedrich Löffler.

INCUBATION PEROID :- 2 - 6 DAYS

MODE OF TRANSMISSION :

diphtheriae spreads via: Airborne droplets. When an infected person's sneeze or cough releases a mist of contaminated droplets, contaminated soil. etc.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

  • Pseudomembrane 
  • bull neck appreance.
  • A thick, gray membrane covering your throat and tonsils
  • A sore throat and hoarseness
  • Swollen glands (enlarged lymph nodes) in your neck
  • Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
  • Nasal discharge
  • Fever and chills
  • Malaise

DIAGNOSIS :-

HC

PH C

albert stain

shick test it is ID test  the dose of the 0.2 ml of shick toxin in test arm and  wait for 3 to 4 days if no reaction test negative , if reaction test positive.

TREATMENT

Antibiotics. The recommended antibiotics for respiratory or cutaneous diphtheria is either erythromycin or penicillin

NURSING ROLE

  • Assess for hoarseness, stridor, shortness of breath, and cyanosis
  • Keep patient on strict bed rest, strict isolation.
  • Room should be bright, sunny and with adequate means of ventilation
  • Provide cleansing throat gargle as ordered.
  • Give liquid or soft diet, gavage or parenteral fluid.
  • Observe for respiratory obstruction (tracheotomy).
  • Use suctioning as needed.
  • O2 therapy as ordered.
  • Administer Antitoxin against toxin (as ordered)
  • Administer toxoid to immunized contact (as ordered)
  • Administer Broad spectrum antibiotic against diphtheria bacilli (as ordered)
  • Provide Health teaching on proper hygiene and universal precaution
  • Monitor Vital signs
  • Provide oral care as the mouth, teeth and lips demand careful attention

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